The marriage of priests and the laws and positions of clergy in the Anglican Church

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 PhD student in Religions and Mysticism, Central Tehran Azad University, Assistant Professor of a Central Islamic Azad University of Tehran

2 PhD in Religions and Mysticism, Associate Professor, Islamic Azad University of Central Tehran, Faculty Member, Islamic Azad University of Religions and Mysticism

3 PhD in Religions and Mysticism, Assistant Professor, Islamic Azad University of Central Tehran, Faculty Member, Islamic Azad University of Central Tehran, Director of the Department of Religions and Mysticism, Central Tehran Azad UniversityMysticism of Central Tehran

Abstract

 
This article examines the laws of the Anglican Church over the centuries,  regarding the marriage of priests and the challenges they face, as well as women's priesthood positions and their natural rights. The Anglican religion, one of the leading denominations of Christianity, was founded and established in the Episcopal Church of England. It is an independent religion. Although it was formed from within Protestantism, but is religiously different from it.  Marriage and priestly positions are notable in this religion. The marriage laws in this church have undergone many and significant changes and innovations over the centuries. In the early centuries of Christianity, medieval Europe enforced the law according to the precepts of the Shari'a. The Fourth Lateran Council (1215) forbade secret marriage. The marriages were to be publicly announced by the priests in the church. Church positions were held in such a discriminatory manner that women were seldom placed in their proper place and their abilities were completely ignored.

Keywords


[1]. مولند، اینار (1381). جهان مسیحیت. ترجمه: محمد باقر انصاری و مسیح مهاجری، چاپ دوم، انتشارات امیر کبیر.
[2]. برانتل، جورج (1382). آیین کاتولیک. ترجمه: حسن قنبری، قم، مرکز مطالعات وتبلیغات ادیان و مذاهب.
[3]. روستن، لئو (1376). فرهنگ تحلیلی مذاهب آمریکایی. ترجمه: محمد بقائی، چاپ اول، تهران، انتشارات حکمت.
[4]. وان وورست، رابرت ای (1384). مسیحیت از لابه‌لای متون. ترجمه: جواد باغبانی و عباس رسول‌زاده، قم، مؤسسۀ آموزشی و پژوهشی امام خمینی(ره).
[5]. Aldridge, A. (1989) Men, women, and clergymen: opinion and authority in a sacred organization. The Sociological Review, 37,1.
[6]. Barstow, Anne Llewellyn. Married Priests and the Reforming Papacy. NY: Edwin Mellen Press, 1982, p. 45.
[7]. Britannica Encyclopedia of World Religions (2006). Encyclopedia Britannica INC.
[8]. Brown, Stephen F. and Anatolios, Khaled (2009). World Religions, Catholicism & Orthodox Christianity، Chelsea House, 3rd ed.
[9]. Bagilhole, B. (2006) Not a glass ceiling more a lead roof: experiences of pioneer women priests in the Church of England. Equal Opportunities International.
[10].  Butt, C., Threlfall-Holmes, M. and Vasey-Saunders, L. (2004) Women priests: the next generation.
[11]. Bock, E.W. (1967) The female clergy: a case of professional marginality. American Journal of Sociology,
[12]. BLOHM Uta, 2005, Religious Traditions and Personal Stories: Women Working as Priests, Ministers and Rabbis, Frankfurt and Main, Peter Lang.
[13].  correspondent, Harriet Sherwood Religion (February 19, 2019). "Vatican reveals it has secret rules for priests who father children" – via www.theguardian.com.
[14]. COLLINSON David et HEARN Jeff, 1996, “Men at 'Work': Multiple Masculinities/Multiple Workplaces” in Máirtín MAC AN GHAILL (ed), Understanding Masculinities, Buckingham, Open University Press, pp. 61-73.
 [15].  Dowell, S. and Williams, J. (1994) Bread, Wine and Women: The Ordination Debate in the Church of England. London: Virago.
[16].  FURLONG Monica, 1991, A Dangerous Delight: Women and Power in the Church, London, SPCK.
[17]. Furlong, M. (1984) Introduction. In Furlong, M. (ed) Feminine in the Church, pp. 1- 10. London: SPCK.
[19]. Lea, Henry C. History of Sacerdotal Celibacy in the Christian Church. Philadelphia: University Books. 1966, pp. 118, 126.
]20]. Lewis (eds.) (2008). The Routledge Companion to the Christian Gerard and Mannion, 1, 2008 st ed). Church, Routledge.
[21]. Marroni, Steve (2018). "20 offenders revealed in grand jury report in Greensburg Diocese". Pennlive.
[22]. McGuckin, John Anthony (2008). The Orthodox Church, Blackwell, 1 st ed.
[23]. Mannion، Gerard and Mudge، Lewis (eds.) (2008). The Routledge Companion to the Christian Church, Routledge, 2008, 1 st ed.).
[24]. Marroni, Steve (2018). "20 offenders revealed in grand jury report in Greensburg Diocese". pennlive. Barstow, Anne Llewellyn. Married Priests and the Reforming Papacy. NY: Edwin Mellen Press, 1982, p. 45.
[25].  Monger, G., 2013, Marriage customs of the world: an encyclopaedia of dating customs and wedding traditions, Kindle edn. Praeger, Santa Barbra, Denver & Oxford.
[26]. Ridley, Jasper (1962). "Thomas Oxford: Clarendon PressOCLC 398369.
[27]. Peyton, N. and Gatrell, C. (2013) Managing Clergy Lives: Obedience, Sacrifice, Intimacy. London: Bloomsbury T&T Clark.
[28]. ROBBINS Mandy et FOWLER Christine, 2008, “Married with Children: The Experiences of Women Ministers of Word and Sacrament in the United Reformed Church”, Journal of Beliefs and Values, vol. 29.
[29].  Spielmann, R (1987). The Beginning of Clerical Marriage In the English Reformation: The Reigns of Edward and Mary, Anglican and Episcopal History Vol. 56, No. 3, ESSAYS IN MEMORY OF POWEL MILLS DAWLEY (September 1987), pp. 251-263.
[30].  Stewart-Thomas, M. (2010) Gendered congregations, gendered service. Gender, Work and Organization, 17, 4.
[31]. The nineteenth century | LarsenTimothyLedger-LomasMichael (eds.)... 2017. Edição:. Editora: Oxford University Press. Idioma: english. Páginas:
[32]. The Living Church, November 29, 1998, Dragging Out the Matter by David Kalvelage, 217(22) p13 ... David Kalvelage, editor.
[33].  Wettinger, Godfrey (1977). "Concubinage among the Clergy of Malta and Gozo ca. 1420-1550" (PDF). Journal of the Faculty of Arts. University of Malta. 6 .
[34]. WEBSTER Margaret, 1994, A New Strength, A New Song: The Journey to Women's Priesthood, London, Mowbray.